{"id":1948,"date":"2023-07-17T01:06:47","date_gmt":"2023-07-16T18:06:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/?p=1948"},"modified":"2023-07-18T17:43:03","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T10:43:03","slug":"chon-che-do-tiet-trung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/chon-che-do-tiet-trung\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7t\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111em \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 acid \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 acid l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m theo \u0111\u1ed9 acid ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng :<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p kh\u00f4ng chua v\u00e0 \u00edt chua c\u00f3 pH >= 4,2<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p chua c\u00f3 pH < 4,2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng chua hay \u00edt chua, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng pH >= 4,2 (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p rau.): vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t. Trong \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n Clostridium botulinum\u00a0<\/em>c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i protein, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nha b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u01b0a n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00ean men th\u1ed1i. Trong \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1, ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed g\u00e2y th\u1ed1i h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p nh\u01b0 Clostridium sporogenes<\/em>\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3\u00a0Clostridium botulinum<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ngo\u00e0i ra \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 acid ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng cao l\u1eafm, c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0\u00a0Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum<\/em>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed \u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y glucid. V\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed \u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i\u00a0Bacillus stearothermophillus<\/em>, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng pH > 4,2 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u1edbi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt \u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 110o<\/sup>C – 121o<\/sup>C, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 125o<\/sup>C – 130o<\/sup>C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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      • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m chua, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng pH < 4,2 (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p qu\u1ea3, c\u00e0 chua, rau mu\u1ed1i chua): c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, n\u00ean n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t khi n\u00e2ng cao nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m men, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng acid, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 acid cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p \u00edt chua. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 100o<\/sup>C ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng 75 – 80o<\/sup>C tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0 chua gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, c\u00f3 pH t\u1eeb 4.0 – 4.5, do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho Clostridium botulinum\u00a0<\/em>ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng \u1edf 121o<\/sup>C nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u00edt chua.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 pH t\u1eeb 3.8-3.9, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c botuliz ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng \u1edf 110o<\/sup>C.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        • S\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u d\u1ea5m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb rau t\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u00f3 pH t\u1eeb 3.7-4.0, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng \u1edf<\/span> 112o<\/sup>C – 121o<\/sup>C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        • C\u00e0 chua c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 pH kho\u1ea3ng > 4.2, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thanh tr\u00f9ng \u1edf<\/span> 100o<\/sup>C<\/span><\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9p, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ecfng th\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m n\u1eb1m \u1edf 2\/3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p). Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thanh tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p l\u1ecfng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng 0,5 – 1,5o<\/sup>C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/span><\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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          • Ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span> > 100o<\/sup>C.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • Thanh tr\u00f9ng: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 < 100o<\/sup>C.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • Ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t 2 – 3 l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch nhau 20 – 28 hrs. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n gia nhi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/p>\n

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            • \n
                \n
              • \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p m\u01a1, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0o: gia nhi\u1ec7t 1 l\u1ea7n \u1edf 100o<\/sup>C, 40 – 50 min.; gia nhi\u1ec7t 3 l\u1ea7n \u1edf 100o<\/sup>C, trong 5min \/l\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p th\u1ecbt heo philet:\n
                  \n
                • gia nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf 115 – \u00a0121o<\/sup>C.\u00a0Cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ec1m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                • gia nhi\u1ec7t 1 l\u1ea7n \u1edf<\/span> 100o<\/sup>C, 60 – 70 min. – gi\u1eef 20-28hrs \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (18- 20o<\/sup>C); gia nhi\u1ec7t 2 l\u1ea7n \u1edf 100o<\/sup>C, trong 60-70min. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111u\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m, dai ch\u1eafc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p 3\/4, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ng\u1eafn, 3-6 th\u00e1ng, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 < 15o<\/sup>C; 1 n\u0103m, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 0-5o<\/sup>C<\/span><\/p>\n

                  Ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u1ede m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi sinh v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ngay t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng hay th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t (ph\u00fat).<\/span><\/p>\n

                  Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111un n\u00f3ng, qua bao b\u00ec v\u00e0o l\u1edbp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t1<\/sub>). Khi khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thanh tr\u00f9ng, th\u00ec gi\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t2<\/sub>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                  Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p (hay th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t) bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (t1<\/sub>) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t (t2<\/sub>)<\/span><\/p>\n

                  t = t1<\/sub>\u00a0+ t2<\/sub>\u00a0(ph\u00fat)<\/span><\/p>\n

                  Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay trong th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eddi gian thanh tr\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  ttt<\/sub>\u00a0< t1<\/sub>\u00a0+ t2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n

                  Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t1<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t2<\/sub> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Clostridium botulinum<\/em> (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0103n th\u1ecbt), th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/td>\n\u0111\u1ed9 C<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n104<\/span><\/td>\n106<\/span><\/td>\n110<\/span><\/td>\n116<\/span><\/td>\n118<\/span><\/td>\n120<\/span><\/td>\n121.1<\/span><\/td>\n124<\/span><\/td>\n127<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Th\u1eddi gian ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/span><\/td>\nPh\u00fat<\/span><\/td>\n330<\/span><\/td>\n150<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n36<\/span><\/td>\n10<\/span><\/td>\n5.27<\/span><\/td>\n4<\/span><\/td>\n2.78<\/span><\/td>\n1.45<\/span><\/td>\n0.78<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0Food Safety: A Practical and Case Study Approach\u00a0By Richard J. Marshal<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                  C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u00c1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                  Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ef1ng trong h\u1ed9p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n : ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e1c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho \u00e1p su\u1ea5t chung trong bao b\u00ec \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 2 atm) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho bao b\u00ec s\u1eaft t\u00e2y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, bao b\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t, v\u1edf. V\u00ec v\u1eady ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bao b\u00ec, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ef1ng trong h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thanh tr\u00f9ng) b\u1eb1ng hay g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 0,4 – 1,4 atm.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  * Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, ta ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thanh tr\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/span> t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t :<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \"\"<\/p>\n

                  a: Th\u1eddi gian \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc), t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u00fat.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  Th\u1eddi gian \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i : 5 – 10 ph\u00fat<\/span><\/p>\n

                  N\u1ebfu ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng trong thi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb h\u1edf (b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian <\/span>\u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00ed a.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  A: Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (ph\u00fat).<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B: Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thanh tr\u00f9ng (ph\u00fat).<\/span><\/p>\n

                  C: Th\u1eddi gian h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p ra (ph\u00fat).<\/span><\/p>\n

                  To<\/sup>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (o<\/sup>C)<\/span><\/p>\n

                  p: \u00c1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (atm)<\/span><\/p>\n

                  Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: https:\/\/voer.edu.vn\/c\/chon-che-do-thanh-trung\/f05253f3\/f9bde40a<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                  Nguyen Le Ha – Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p<\/em><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1967,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Food-Sterilization.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1948"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1971,"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1948\/revisions\/1971"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lemitfoods.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}